Here is something they really need to look into! You really need to read this study from the Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway e-mail:
Siri.Vike@bio.uib.no;
siri.vike@ewos.comhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/f54 ... lltext.pdfJust to recap and highlight:
1. ISA can be found in fresh water lakes.
2. Can be transmitted by smolts from fresh water to sea.
3. Can be transmitted by eggs.
4. ISA is a “S. Salmo and S.trutta”” disease, and has not been found in the “Oncorhynchus” species.
It basically states if you keep importing eggs (you may think you don’t, but you do)… It is not an “if” question… it is diffidently a “YOU WILL GET ISA”!
And, Marine Harvest Norway… “Expected” Chile to get this disease??? How’s this for an attitude? Oh well, let’s move “our” pens into Chile, grow “our” fish, until “our” disease breaks-out and ruins their environment and fishery? Then, oh well – to bad! We will just close “our” pens; move “our” operation to another country, until “our” disease break-outs again? They have a hell of a track record there, isn't it! You support this? Which will, also mean the end of "your" job, as Marine Harvest will just cut their losses and move out, just as in the past and Chile!
If we allow this to happen it very well could be the “END” of our Pacific salmon!!!!!!!!!!!!!
“Existing ISA virus isolates can be divided into two major genotypes, a North American (NA) and a European (EU) genotype, based on phylogenetic analysis of the genome.”
“In this study, ISA virus has been isolated from salmon in a marine farm suffering an outbreak of the disease in 2008 and from smolts with no signs of ISA in a fresh water lake..”
“The Chilean ISA virus groups in a clade with exclusively Norwegian ISA viruses, where one of these isolates was obtained from a Norwegian brood stock population.”
“Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus is a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Isavirus. It has an eightsegment genome and is present in most countries that farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Faroe Islands, Canada, USA and recently Chile ([4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 20, 23]). Based on comparisons of the genomes of all known ISA viruses, they can be divided into two major genotypes, i.e. a North American (NA) and a European (EU) genotype [3, 5, 10].”
“It has been suggested that the geographical pattern of ISA virus isolates in Norway reflects the origin of the brood fish, i.e. that vertical transmission could play a major role in the spread of ISA virus in Norwegian salmon farming [17]. Vertical transmission of ISA virus has been shown in a study of Norwegian brood fish (NBF) [15]. The ISA virus is also easily transmitted between individuals (horizontal transmission) in tanks or net pens and also to a certain degree between salmon in different nets within a site [22].”
“The seawater isolate came from a farm experiencing an official outbreak of ISA, while the freshwater isolate came from a smolt production site in a freshwater lake. The smolts did not show any signs of ISA. The salmon in both seawater and fresh water had their origin as eggs in Norway.”
“The distribution of ISA virus reflects the natural pattern of occurrence of members of the genus Salmo (S. Salar and S. trutta), i.e. presence on the East coast of North America (Canada and USA) and north Western Europe (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, and the Faroe Islands). The virus has not been found in Oncorhynchus species on the west coast of North America. The reasons for this pattern are, of course, that the ISA virus is a Salmo virus and that these countries have a salmon farming industry, which has made a naturally occurring virus in these areas visible to the industry and researchers.”
“It has already been documented that the ISA virus may be vertically or transgenerationally transmitted [15], and it has been suggested that vertical transmission plays a major role in the spread of ISA virus in the Norwegian salmon farming industry [17]. The latter suggestion is based on a combination of screening data showing that ISA virus has a high prevalence in Norwegian smolt farms and that genotyping of ISA virus from marine production sites shows a pattern consistent with a high frequency of vertical transmission [17]. It seems as if different NBF populations are carrying specific ISA viruses reflecting the brood stock population and generation. Based on these data, it has been expected that the ISA virus and the disease (ISA) should emerge in Chile, since a large number of Atlantic salmon embryos are imported every year to supply the Chilean aquaculture industry.”
Again, "Based on these data, it has been expected that ISA virus and disease (ISA) should emerge in Chile..." THEY KNEW AND KNOW, THEY ARE TRANMITING THIS DISEASE AND IT'S AT "YOUR" DOORSTEP!!!
